Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-20-2130
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                              U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - OCTOBER 2020                               

U.S. import prices edged down 0.1 percent in October, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 
after rising 0.2 percent the previous month. The October decline was driven by lower fuel prices which 
more than offset higher nonfuel prices. In contrast, prices for U.S. exports increased 0.2 percent in October 
following a 0.6-percent advance in September.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
		Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on October 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data
				
The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 
methodology for the October release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for 
October were 5.7-percentage points lower than those in October 2019. A small number of indexes that are 
normally published were not published in October. Additional information is available at 
www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-october-2020.htm.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports fell 0.1 percent in October, the first 1-month decline for the index since a 2.6-percent 
drop in April. From April to September, import prices increased 4.3 percent. Despite the recent increases, 
prices for U.S. imports decreased 1.0 percent for the year ended in October. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices decreased 1.9 percent in October, after a 5.2-percent drop the previous 
month. Lower prices for both natural gas and petroleum contributed to the October decline. Natural gas 
prices fell 18.1 percent in October following increases of 26.3 percent in September and 12.9 percent in 
August. The October decrease was the largest drop since the index fell 22.1 percent in June 2019. The price 
index for import petroleum declined 1.0 percent in October, after decreasing 6.8 percent the previous month. 
Prices for import fuel fell 27.4 percent for the year ended in October. A 29.1-percent decline in petroleum 
prices over the past 12 months more than offset a 20.9-percent advance in natural gas prices.     
 
All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports rose 0.1 percent in October, after a 0.5-percent 
increase in September and a 0.7-percent advance in August. Nonfuel import prices have not recorded a 1-
month decline since April. The October rise was led by higher prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and 
materials and foods, feeds, and beverages which more than offset falling prices for consumer goods and 
automotive vehicles. The price index for nonfuel imports advanced 1.7 percent over the past 12 months, the 
largest over-the-year increase since the index rose 1.8 percent in May 2018.  
 
Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices advanced 0.3 
percent in October following a 2.7-percent rise the previous month. In October, the increase was driven by 
higher prices for chemicals and selected building materials. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly down in October. Prices for consumer goods decreased 
0.2 percent, the first decline since April. The October decline was led by lower prices for coins, gems, 
jewelry, and collectibles. Automotive vehicles prices also fell in October, edging down 0.1 percent. Prices 
for capital goods were unchanged.  

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for foods, feeds, and beverages ticked up 0.1 percent in 
October, after rising 1.1 percent in September. The October increase was led by a 1.9-percent advance in 
fish and shellfish prices which more than offset lower prices for fruit, meat, and coffee.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2019
October	-0.4	-1.6	-0.3	0.0	1.7	-0.2
November	0.2	2.2	-0.1	0.1	2.4	-0.1
December	0.2	1.3	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
2020
January	0.2	-0.1	0.3	0.6	2.0	0.6
February	-0.7	-9.1	0.2	-1.2	-2.9	-1.1
March	-2.4	-26.5	0.0	-1.4	-1.4	-1.4
April	-2.6	-30.9	-0.5	-3.5	-3.3	-3.5
May	0.7	13.9	0.1	0.0	-0.4	0.0
June	1.3	20.6	0.3	1.8	1.6	1.7
July	1.2	(r)15.2	0.2	1.0	1.6	0.9
August	(r)0.8	(r)3.6	0.7	0.5	-2.3	(r)0.9
September	(r)0.2	(r)-5.2	(r)0.5	0.6	(r)2.8	0.3
October	-0.1	-1.9	0.1	0.2	3.4	0.0
Oct. 2018 to 2019	-3.0	-12.7	-1.5	-2.2	2.0	-2.7
Oct. 2019 to 2020	-1.0	-27.4	1.7	-1.6	3.1	-2.0
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices increased 0.2 percent in October, continuing the upward trend of the 4 previous months. 
In October, the advance was driven by higher agricultural export prices; prices for nonagricultural exports 
were unchanged. Even with the recent increases, export prices declined 1.6 percent for the year ended in 
October. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports rose 3.4 percent in October, after increasing 
2.8 percent in September. The October advance was the largest rise since the index increased 3.8 percent in 
December 2018. Higher prices for vegetables, corn, soybeans, and dairy products were the largest 
contributors to the October increase in agricultural prices. Agricultural export prices advanced 3.1 percent 
over the past year, the largest 12-month increase since January.     

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports were unchanged in October, after 
rising in each of the 4 previous months. In October, lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials and capital goods offset an increase in automotive vehicles prices. Despite not recording a 
monthly decline since April, nonagricultural export prices decreased 2.0 percent over the past year. A 6.9-
percent decline in nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials from October 2019 to October 2020 
more than offset higher finished goods prices.           

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies 
and materials exports fell 0.3 percent, the first decline since the index decreased 10.4 percent in April. The 
October drop was led by a 1.2-percent decrease in fuel prices.      

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in October. Automotive vehicles prices rose 0.3 percent, 
after not changing the 2 previous months. The October rise was the largest monthly advance since January 
and was driven by higher prices for engines and engine parts. In contrast, prices for capital goods edged 
down 0.1 percent in October, the first monthly drop since May. The price index for consumer goods was 
unchanged in October.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China were unchanged for the second consecutive 
month in October, after increasing 0.1 percent in August and 0.2 percent in July. Prices for imports from 
Japan increased 0.2 percent in October following a 0.1-percent advance in September. The October rise was 
led by higher prices for transportation equipment. Import prices from Japan were unchanged for the year 
ended in October. The price index for imports from the European Union rose 0.2 percent in October and 
advanced 2.0 percent over the past year. In contrast, import prices from Canada and Mexico declined in 
October, falling 0.7 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. Prices for imports from Canada decreased 3.3 
percent from October 2019 to October 2020, and prices for imports from Mexico increased 1.1 percent over 
the same period. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: The price index for exports to China advanced 0.8 percent in October, 
after edging down 0.1 percent in September. Prices for exports to China increased 1.3 percent over the past 
year. Export prices to Japan rose 1.3 percent in October, the largest 1-month advance since a 4.4-percent 
increase in June. The price index for exports to Japan decreased 0.2 percent for the year ended in October 
despite not recording a monthly drop since May. Prices for exports to the European Union declined 0.4 
percent following increases in each of the 4 previous months. Export prices to the European Union fell 1.4 
percent over the past 12 months. Prices for exports to Canada advanced 0.6 percent in October following 
consecutive 0.9-percent increases the 2 previous months. Prices for exports to Mexico rose 1.1 percent in 
October, after a 0.4-percent advance the previous month. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 
China rose 0.8 percent in October, after edging down 0.1 percent in September. The U.S. terms of trade with 
Japan advanced 1.0 percent in October, and have not recorded a monthly decrease since April. The index for 
U.S. terms of trade with the European Union declined 0.6 percent in October following a 0.4-percent drop 
the previous month. In October, a decrease in export prices to the European Union and an increase in import 
prices from the European Union contributed to the decline in the U.S. terms of trade. The U.S. terms of 
trade with Canada advanced 1.3 percent in October, and the U.S. terms of trade with Mexico increased 1.2 
percent. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares increased 3.9 percent following a 4.4-percent rise in September. Higher 
European, Asian, and Latin American/Caribbean fares all contributed to the October advance. Despite the 
recent advances, import air passenger fares decreased 12.4 percent from October 2019 to October 2020. 
Prices for import air freight increased 4.9 percent in October, after falling 2.9 percent the previous month. 
The index for import air freight rose 58.0 percent for the year ended in October. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares fell 4.0 percent in October, the first monthly decline for the index since 
May. The decrease followed advances of 5.9 percent in September, 3.1 percent in August, 5.5 percent in 
July, and 6.4 percent in June. The October drop was led by a 21.0-percent decline in Asian fares which more 
than offset rising Latin American/Caribbean and European fares. Export air passenger fares increased 3.3 
percent over the past year. Export air freight prices fell 6.8 percent in October, the largest 1-month drop 
since the index was first published monthly in December 2005. Export air freight prices declined 4.7 percent 
for the year ended in October.  
		
U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for November are scheduled for release on Tuesday, December 15, 
2020 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2019 to October 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Sep. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sep. 2020	Oct. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2019 to Oct. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020
All commodities		100.000	123.3	123.2	-1.0	1.2	0.8	0.2	-0.1
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		86.603	100.5	100.5	1.6	0.2	0.7	0.6	0.0
All imports excluding petroleum		93.407	113.7	113.7	1.8	0.2	0.8	0.6	0.0
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		92.852	117.6	117.7	1.7	0.2	0.7	0.5	0.1
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.249	179.6	179.7	1.9	-1.0	0.5	1.1	0.1
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.885	196.9	196.3	2.6	-1.3	0.6	1.3	-0.3
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.364	140.5	142.2	-0.6	0.2	-0.3	0.2	1.2
Industrial supplies & materials	1	21.875	172.6	171.9	-7.2	5.8	3.5	-0.1	-0.4
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		15.434	164.1	163.7	7.3	1.1	3.8	3.2	-0.2
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		14.745	185.1	185.7	6.8	1.4	3.6	2.7	0.3
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.669	185.9	186.1	11.8	2.0	5.4	3.8	0.1
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.613	136.9	135.8	0.4	-0.2	1.1	2.2	-0.8
Fuels & lubricants	10	7.148	151.9	149.0	-27.4	15.2	3.6	-5.2	-1.9
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	6.593	159.9	158.3	-29.1	16.5	3.3	-6.8	-1.0
Crude	10000	4.421	159.9	157.7	-30.5	21.4	2.6	-6.6	-1.4
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.454	125.0	105.3	15.6	-6.5	10.8	22.2	-15.8
Gas-natural	10110	0.397	115.8	94.8	20.9	-7.5	12.9	26.3	-18.1
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.505	108.6	107.9	-5.4	-0.5	-0.7	-0.5	-0.6
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.554	151.8	153.2	-0.8	0.5	0.3	0.7	0.9
Selected building materials	13	1.985	186.9	189.9	32.8	5.7	9.0	10.7	1.6
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	4.016	267.2	266.4	14.0	2.0	8.5	3.9	-0.3
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.849	161.1	160.3	2.2	1.0	0.8	0.5	-0.5
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.818	113.0	113.0	-0.4	0.1	0.7	0.0	0.0
Capital goods	2	28.997	88.4	88.4	0.8	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Electric generating equipment	20	3.680	121.5	121.6	1.2	-0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.929	80.3	80.3	1.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.388	135.7	136.1	-0.5	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.881	111.0	110.9	1.2	-0.1	0.1	0.3	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	26.998	107.1	106.9	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.347	124.7	124.6	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	12.376	90.8	90.7	-0.4	0.1	0.2	0.0	-0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.276	116.4	116.4	-0.1	0.0	1.0	0.3	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2019 to October 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Sep. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sep. 2020	Oct. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2019 to Oct. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020
All commodities		100.000	122.8	123.1	-1.6	1.0	0.5	0.6	0.2
Agricultural commodities		9.378	176.0	182.0	3.1	1.6	-2.3	2.8	3.4
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		82.461	102.6	102.7	1.6	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.1
Nonagricultural commodities		90.622	118.7	118.7	-2.0	0.9	0.9	0.3	0.0
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.691	179.9	186.3	3.0	1.6	-2.1	2.7	3.6
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.174	179.1	185.6	3.9	1.8	-2.2	2.8	3.6
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.518	197.1	202.4	-8.2	-0.9	1.2	1.1	2.7
Industrial supplies & materials	1	31.396	142.3	142.0	-6.6	2.5	2.2	0.6	-0.2
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		11.542	182.1	181.5	9.1	1.4	4.3	1.3	-0.3
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		19.854	125.9	125.8	-13.8	3.2	1.0	0.2	-0.1
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.176	162.0	165.2	-2.0	0.7	-2.2	2.4	2.0
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		30.220	141.7	141.3	-6.9	2.6	2.3	0.6	-0.3
Fuels & lubricants	11	8.847	130.9	129.3	-26.4	6.1	1.2	-0.6	-1.2
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	20.394	162.9	162.9	4.4	1.2	2.9	1.1	0.0
Selected building materials	13	0.978	122.4	124.2	5.1	0.8	1.2	1.8	1.5
Capital goods	2	37.346	111.7	111.6	0.9	0.2	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.879	120.5	120.4	2.8	0.2	-0.1	0.2	-0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	24.230	95.0	94.9	0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	9.237	185.3	185.7	1.6	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	9.954	113.9	114.2	0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.0	0.3
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.613	110.6	110.6	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.7	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.108	109.0	109.0	0.9	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	5.093	108.4	108.5	1.2	0.1	0.2	0.9	0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.413	93.4	93.4	-5.7	-0.2	0.4	0.5	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2019 to October 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Sep. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sep. 2020	Oct. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2019 to Oct. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020
Nonmanufacturing		7.105	87.9	86.6	-20.6	13.1	2.4	-3.2	-1.5
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.969	183.4	183.1	7.5	-0.8	1.2	2.4	-0.2
Crop production	111	1.638	198.6	197.7	9.7	-1.1	1.0	2.7	-0.5
Mining	21	5.135	75.6	74.0	-27.9	19.0	2.8	-5.1	-2.1
Oil and gas extraction	211	4.875	74.2	72.6	-29.0	20.2	3.0	-5.5	-2.2
Manufacturing		92.565	111.4	111.4	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.4	0.0
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.474	125.5	125.7	0.6	-0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Food manufacturing	311	3.527	153.5	153.7	-0.3	-1.0	0.6	0.4	0.1
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.191	129.7	129.7	3.4	0.1	1.0	0.0	0.0
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.385	101.9	101.1	1.3	3.5	-0.1	0.1	-0.8
Textile product mills	314	0.935	106.0	106.7	-0.9	0.1	-0.4	-0.2	0.7
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.783	113.0	113.1	0.6	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.654	123.9	124.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.1
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.253	123.0	123.4	-1.8	1.8	1.5	0.3	0.3
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.273	158.4	162.1	-	10.9	15.8	17.9	2.3
Paper manufacturing	322	0.995	106.9	105.8	-3.3	-0.4	0.0	-0.7	-1.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	1.995	73.6	73.6	-27.8	7.7	4.4	-8.0	0.0
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.260	136.9	137.3	-0.6	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.3
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.451	121.6	121.8	2.1	1.4	0.7	0.2	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.084	130.8	130.8	-0.1	-0.3	-0.2	0.2	0.0
Manufacturing, part 3	33	62.838	104.7	104.6	1.4	0.2	0.6	0.4	-0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.590	176.0	175.3	13.3	2.3	7.2	3.3	-0.4
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.265	126.8	126.6	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.3	-0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.847	120.0	120.2	1.3	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	17.176	71.8	71.7	-0.4	-0.3	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.555	117.9	117.9	0.4	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.963	110.3	110.2	1.3	-0.2	0.3	0.4	-0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.906	114.8	114.8	-1.0	0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.537	120.0	119.9	1.3	0.5	0.9	0.6	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2019 to October 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Sep. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sep. 2020	Oct. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2019 to Oct. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020
Nonmanufacturing		9.032	112.4	115.2	-9.9	4.2	0.5	1.4	2.5
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.622	147.5	155.9	4.6	2.6	-2.9	5.7	5.7
Crop production	111	4.291	155.3	164.0	5.5	2.6	-3.2	6.0	5.6
Mining	21	4.410	62.5	61.9	-22.4	5.8	3.9	-2.8	-1.0
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.143	91.2	87.4	-19.0	-1.2	3.2	-0.3	-4.2
Manufacturing		89.510	115.2	115.2	-0.9	0.7	0.4	0.4	0.0
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.749	138.8	140.4	0.5	0.4	-0.9	0.2	1.2
Food manufacturing	311	4.605	155.7	157.8	0.2	0.8	-1.3	0.0	1.3
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.660	124.3	126.7	4.2	-0.8	-0.9	0.9	1.9
Manufacturing, part 2	32	23.116	104.7	104.6	-7.8	1.8	0.5	0.9	-0.1
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.497	100.3	102.6	8.2	0.5	1.2	2.5	2.3
Paper manufacturing	322	1.512	118.0	118.0	-1.7	-0.5	-0.3	0.3	0.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	4.384	76.2	75.2	-29.7	6.0	-0.3	1.3	-1.3
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.336	116.4	117.0	-0.7	1.2	0.9	1.0	0.5
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.344	116.9	115.4	-1.6	0.1	0.1	-0.4	-1.3
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.838	117.1	116.5	-1.1	0.3	-0.6	-0.3	-0.5
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.645	117.3	117.3	1.8	0.3	0.7	0.2	0.0
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.922	180.8	179.3	17.6	2.0	8.2	0.5	-0.8
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.143	151.1	151.2	1.5	0.1	0.1	0.6	0.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.998	130.9	131.0	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.5	0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.999	82.3	82.1	0.7	0.2	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.869	118.7	118.6	1.0	0.3	0.0	0.3	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.897	129.7	130.0	0.9	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.406	124.8	126.8	3.5	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.411	119.1	119.0	-1.2	0.1	0.2	1.0	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2019 to October 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Sep. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sep. 2020	Oct. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2019 to Oct. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.333	189.8	190.8	-1.9	-2.7	0.7	0.3	0.5
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.386	270.8	267.7	2.1	-9.8	2.2	0.2	-1.1
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.680	129.4	132.8	-3.5	0.6	-0.7	0.5	2.6
Vegetable products	II	2.010	219.1	219.2	9.7	-1.1	1.2	2.5	0.0
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.486	511.8	520.6	9.3	1.2	2.8	1.8	1.7
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.672	113.7	112.3	7.0	-5.9	-0.1	5.9	-1.2
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.351	223.5	220.1	10.0	3.7	0.5	0.9	-1.5
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.258	90.1	91.2	7.4	1.3	3.2	1.2	1.2
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.029	169.4	169.1	1.2	0.0	0.4	0.4	-0.2
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.206	100.5	99.1	0.8	-2.1	0.1	1.1	-1.4
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.366	168.7	168.5	-1.9	-0.4	0.0	0.2	-0.1
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.134	140.0	139.9	3.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Mineral products	V	7.294	154.9	151.9	-26.1	14.4	3.4	-5.1	-1.9
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	6.943	150.4	147.3	-27.3	15.2	3.6	-5.4	-2.1
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	9.614	154.9	155.2	-0.8	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.456	268.1	268.5	-6.3	-0.6	-0.3	0.4	0.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.103	122.1	122.7	-2.8	0.9	0.4	0.3	0.5
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.992	155.4	155.3	0.5	0.5	-0.1	0.2	-0.1
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.628	103.3	102.9	-0.3	0.6	0.2	0.0	-0.4
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.598	101.4	102.2	0.0	-0.2	0.3	0.6	0.8
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.809	144.7	145.7	3.8	2.4	1.2	1.0	0.7
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.516	144.7	145.1	1.6	1.9	1.0	0.7	0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.293	146.8	149.0	8.4	3.5	1.5	1.7	1.5
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.623	124.3	124.4	0.2	-0.6	0.0	0.0	0.1
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.597	131.1	131.1	0.2	-0.5	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.305	229.1	235.3	61.9	10.7	15.7	17.5	2.7
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.281	159.7	164.2	-	11.0	16.1	17.9	2.8
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.018	111.5	110.6	-4.5	-0.3	-0.7	-0.4	-0.8
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.694	104.0	103.2	-5.1	-0.5	-1.0	-0.9	-0.8
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.895	114.5	114.6	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.979	104.9	105.2	0.0	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.3
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.649	122.8	122.4	1.4	0.1	0.0	0.2	-0.3
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.632	99.6	100.5	-1.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.6	0.9
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.393	124.5	124.5	1.5	0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.165	122.8	122.9	1.1	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.973	131.6	131.5	-0.5	-0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.352	226.2	222.5	16.7	1.2	9.1	2.4	-1.6
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.606	171.4	171.9	0.8	1.0	1.6	1.6	0.3
Iron and steel	72	1.096	195.4	199.2	-2.9	-0.7	2.1	2.5	1.9
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.694	146.5	146.5	-0.7	-0.1	0.0	0.4	0.0
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.469	298.6	297.8	13.3	6.0	3.5	2.0	-0.3
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.947	132.1	132.4	5.3	3.8	3.4	2.2	0.2
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.467	123.1	123.1	-0.4	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.531	132.9	133.6	-1.2	0.1	-0.4	0.0	0.5
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.796	79.1	79.0	0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.725	85.1	85.0	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.071	73.3	73.3	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.011	114.8	114.8	1.4	-0.2	0.2	0.3	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.882	114.1	114.1	1.6	-0.2	0.2	0.4	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.130	102.3	102.3	0.8	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.857	98.4	98.5	0.5	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.476	111.0	110.8	-0.5	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.2
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.818	116.7	116.7	-0.6	0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.388	101.7	101.2	-0.4	0.0	0.0	0.1	-0.5
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.271	126.7	126.6	-0.4	-0.3	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2019 to October 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Sep. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sep. 2020	Oct. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2019 to Oct. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.903	204.7	211.4	-0.4	1.1	-2.1	-1.0	3.3
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.172	164.0	166.7	3.7	-1.7	-0.3	1.4	1.6
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.315	104.8	108.3	-11.3	-1.4	1.3	1.4	3.3
Vegetable products	II	4.299	194.1	204.9	6.4	2.6	-3.3	5.9	5.6
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.896	125.9	125.1	-9.6	-1.7	-0.2	4.5	-0.6
Cereals	10	1.394	191.3	203.2	6.9	2.2	-5.3	8.4	6.2
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.564	204.2	211.9	11.5	4.1	0.3	5.8	3.8
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.082	153.3	154.8	0.3	1.7	-2.0	1.7	1.0
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100)	20	0.325	96.1	96.6	-	-0.8	0.0	0.2	0.5
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.595	99.6	99.9	0.3	0.9	0.3	0.4	0.3
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.578	108.7	108.7	-5.3	6.3	-8.2	5.4	0.0
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.720	214.8	224.5	7.9	0.0	-1.4	2.6	4.5
Mineral products	V	8.828	158.4	156.5	-25.9	5.9	2.2	-0.8	-1.2
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.433	101.5	99.9	1.6	5.3	9.6	3.8	-1.6
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	8.198	148.8	147.1	-27.3	6.0	1.9	-1.0	-1.1
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.070	137.1	137.9	0.1	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.6
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.715	138.5	132.8	-10.3	-1.4	0.0	0.4	-4.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.494	137.5	142.8	2.5	0.6	2.9	2.3	3.9
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.258	109.6	109.7	2.1	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.1
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.527	102.0	101.4	-4.2	2.1	-4.3	0.7	-0.6
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.877	128.1	128.1	-1.8	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.502	125.9	125.9	0.8	0.6	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.035	156.7	156.4	0.2	0.4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.131	139.4	139.8	-1.0	0.6	1.5	0.4	0.3
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.247	136.5	136.9	-0.8	0.5	1.7	0.8	0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.884	150.1	150.8	-1.8	0.5	0.3	-1.6	0.5
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.609	98.8	100.9	8.7	0.5	1.0	2.1	2.1
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.844	123.6	121.5	2.0	-0.4	0.3	0.7	-1.7
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.517	121.3	113.3	-	-0.3	1.3	0.8	-6.6
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.034	122.4	122.8	-1.1	-0.9	-0.2	0.6	0.3
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.686	118.0	118.3	0.2	0.8	-0.9	1.3	0.3
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.452	111.2	112.7	0.0	3.6	-3.3	3.8	1.3
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.830	128.6	129.0	1.3	0.9	0.7	0.2	0.3
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.474	99.3	99.3	-	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	5.404	304.8	303.0	15.8	1.3	7.5	1.3	-0.6
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.765	159.4	160.7	4.6	1.7	1.2	2.4	0.8
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.556	193.4	193.5	13.6	9.1	4.4	2.5	0.1
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.730	103.2	105.6	7.1	3.4	3.9	5.4	2.3
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.348	156.0	156.0	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.965	98.2	98.2	0.8	0.2	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	17.226	115.9	115.9	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.740	79.1	79.1	1.8	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.572	137.7	137.9	0.7	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.134	116.0	116.1	0.0	-0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	6.136	110.6	110.4	-0.4	0.2	0.0	0.1	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.365	113.3	114.0	1.2	0.1	-0.4	-0.4	0.6
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.767	133.1	134.2	2.8	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.8
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.438	86.7	87.0	-1.6	0.3	-1.7	-1.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: October 2019 to October 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Sep. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Sep. 2020	Oct. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Oct. 2019 to Oct. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	126.1	125.6	-0.6	1.0	2.4	0.2	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	8.594	140.3	138.2	-22.8	8.2	3.7	-4.9	-1.5
Manufacturing	90.818	124.1	123.7	2.0	0.3	2.3	0.6	-0.3
Canada	100.000	133.9	133.0	-3.3	3.3	5.0	0.1	-0.7
Nonmanufacturing	24.891	136.9	134.7	-23.2	8.6	3.9	-5.2	-1.6
Manufacturing	74.128	136.8	136.2	5.3	1.5	5.5	1.9	-0.4
European Union	100.000	139.2	139.5	2.0	0.7	0.4	0.9	0.2
Manufacturing	98.999	135.4	135.7	2.0	0.7	0.4	0.9	0.2
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	129.4	129.3	1.5	1.3	0.3	0.5	-0.1
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	114.8	114.8	2.0	0.0	0.7	1.1	0.0
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	121.4	121.7	-0.3	0.3	0.5	1.1	0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	144.5	144.2	-0.8	1.4	1.2	-0.4	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	13.085	220.3	216.1	-13.1	6.9	2.6	0.5	-1.9
Manufacturing	86.627	120.7	120.8	1.3	0.6	1.0	-0.6	0.1
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.4	128.2	1.1	0.3	0.9	0.1	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	7.457	125.4	122.4	-9.0	1.2	2.1	7.6	-2.4
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	92.258	89.0	89.1	2.1	0.2	0.9	-0.6	0.1
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	98.0	97.9	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.3	98.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0
Japan	100.000	96.7	96.9	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	97.7	97.7	-1.0	0.1	-0.2	0.1	0.0
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	85.6	85.5	-1.5	0.5	-0.6	-0.1	-0.1
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	97.7	98.2	1.1	-0.2	0.4	0.2	0.5
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	149.6	149.6	-13.3	18.9	0.1	-0.4	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: October 2019 to October 2020 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Sep. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Sep. 2020	Oct. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Oct. 2019 to Oct. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	102.9	103.0	0.1	1.2	1.0	0.7	0.1
Nonmanufacturing	8.907	89.8	90.3	-13.5	4.4	0.3	1.9	0.6
Manufacturing	89.664	104.5	104.5	1.5	0.9	0.9	0.6	0.0
Canada	100.000	103.2	103.8	-0.3	1.4	0.9	0.9	0.6
European Union	100.000	103.6	103.2	-1.4	1.1	0.5	0.5	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	7.899	81.4	82.4	-18.6	4.5	-1.0	0.9	1.2
Manufacturing	90.763	105.8	105.1	0.1	0.8	0.6	0.4	-0.7
Germany	100.000	107.9	107.6	3.2	1.0	1.2	0.4	-0.3
Latin America(3)	100.000	95.4	96.1	-4.2	1.7	-0.2	0.2	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	7.453	100.0	104.3	0.0	5.7	-2.8	3.2	4.3
Manufacturing	91.973	94.9	95.4	-4.7	1.5	-0.1	-0.1	0.5
Mexico	100.000	96.3	97.4	-2.4	1.1	0.1	0.4	1.1
Nonmanufacturing	5.838	95.4	100.1	2.4	6.3	-3.6	4.7	4.9
Manufacturing	93.484	96.3	97.1	-2.8	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.8
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	98.5	99.0	-1.0	0.3	0.7	0.3	0.5
Nonmanufacturing	12.994	83.4	85.6	-14.2	2.2	1.2	0.0	2.6
Manufacturing	85.072	101.4	101.7	0.9	-0.1	0.6	0.2	0.3
China	100.000	97.7	98.5	1.3	1.4	1.0	-0.1	0.8
Nonmanufacturing	10.999	78.6	80.9	-13.8	7.1	3.2	-3.2	2.9
Manufacturing	86.454	102.2	103.2	3.2	0.6	0.7	0.2	1.0
Japan	100.000	99.4	100.7	-0.2	0.9	0.7	0.8	1.3
Nonmanufacturing	17.708	83.1	86.1	-12.9	5.2	1.0	2.2	3.6
Manufacturing	80.274	102.6	103.3	2.4	0.0	0.5	0.4	0.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: October 2019 to October 2020(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Sep. 2020	Oct. 2020	Annual	Monthly
			Oct. 2019 to Oct. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	99.9	100.4	0.7	0.2	-1.5	0.5	0.5
Canada	101.3	102.6	3.2	-1.9	-4.0	0.8	1.3
European Union	100.2	99.6	-3.4	0.4	0.1	-0.4	-0.6
Germany	108.2	107.9	1.1	1.1	0.5	-0.7	-0.3
Latin America(3)	98.3	99.2	-3.5	0.3	-1.4	0.6	0.9
Mexico	96.8	98.0	-3.4	0.8	-0.8	0.4	1.2
Pacific Rim(4)	98.9	99.5	-1.3	0.2	0.6	0.2	0.6
China	99.5	100.3	1.2	1.2	0.9	-0.1	0.8
Japan	98.2	99.2	-0.2	1.0	0.7	0.7	1.0
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: October 2019 to October 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Sep. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Sep. 2020	Oct. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Oct. 2019 to Oct. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	263.8	276.7	58.0	-14.0	2.2	-2.9	4.9
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.724	216.2	239.7	65.1	2.4	1.6	-3.6	10.9
Asia	63.526	265.9	273.9	67.2	-21.3	2.9	-2.9	3.0
Export Air Freight	100.000	166.5	155.1	-4.7	-0.1	1.1	-1.9	-6.8
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	31.441	153.8	135.5	-9.9	0.3	0.2	0.5	-11.9
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	208.8	216.2	33.6	-9.9	1.7	-5.1	3.5
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	26.858	157.3	170.3	28.5	1.9	0.7	-7.9	8.3
Asia	62.737	209.0	213.5	43.4	-15.7	2.4	-4.5	2.2
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	145.8	138.9	-3.0	0.5	-0.1	-3.1	-4.7
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	36.803	177.6	150.3	-3.0	0.1	0.1	0.5	-15.4
Asia	41.979	126.7	131.8	-1.6	1.6	-1.2	-6.4	4.0
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	146.1	151.8	-12.4	-4.0	0.1	4.4	3.9
Europe	38.929	145.0	150.2	-22.1	-10.7	-2.4	9.9	3.6
Asia	33.025	166.5	173.0	34.7	3.4	8.9	4.8	3.9
Latin America/Caribbean	6.852	110.1	118.7	-22.7	-0.6	-9.5	-0.5	7.8
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	154.0	147.9	3.3	5.5	3.1	5.9	-4.0
Europe	23.475	156.1	159.8	-11.6	6.9	-7.5	1.4	2.4
Asia	35.294	188.2	148.7	18.8	4.3	17.5	16.9	-21.0
Latin America/Caribbean	22.257	139.3	154.9	2.2	3.1	-3.7	-1.8	11.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
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